P  E 

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MAIN 


THE 


UNIVERSAL    LANGUAGE 


AN  ARGUMENT  FOR  A  REFORMED  ORTHOaRAPHY, 


AS  A  MEANS  OF  AIDING  THE  UNIVERSAL  DITFUSION  07  THE  ENGUSK  LANGUAGE. 


BY   WM.  /WHITE. 


Beprinted  from  the  English  Edition. 


R.  P.  PROSSER, 

AMERICAN    PHONETIC    JOURNAL    OFFICE, 

CINCINNATI. 

1864. 


YUNIVERSAL    LAT^TGWaJ 


as   AWGLCD-SAKSON    RQS,    AND    a$\.R    RAPID    INKR8S. 


Memorabl  abuv  el  de  cotabl  fakts  ov  ^r  aj,  iz  de  uiiparaleld  inkres  in 
immberz,  welf),  and  infliiens,  ov  de  Agglo-Sakson  ras.  In  1600,  konfjnd  tu 
Iggland,  Walz,  and  Skotland,  dis  ras  niimberd  abst  6,000,000,  and  fermd  but 
a  sekond-rat  Yiiropean  p^-er.  Tuda  w&  fjnd  dem  boldig  swa  over  de  rigest 
rejonz  ov  de  ert,  wid  a  komers  gerdlig  de  ojan  vvid  its  flets,  and  a  popynlajon 
ov  60,000,000,  hwiq  eldo  so  wjdli  skatei'd,  bodili,  yet  ferm  wun  grand  spirit- 
yual  famili,  bj  dat  strorigest  ov  yqnjtii)  pserz — a  konion  lapgwaj  and  literatiir. 
Propeld  from  d^r  grat  IggliJ  hqrt,  da  hav  gon  fort  tu  de  endz  ov  de  ert,  and 
funded  an  empjr  komptird  wid  hwiq  doz  ov  old  wer  az  gugez,  3a  hav  lad 
in  dis  land  de  fsndajonz  ov  a  republik  Ikdz  destini  we  most  adekwatli  eksprcs 
bj  de  epitet  "glorius."  3a  hav  setld  in  9stralya,  Nij,  Zeland,  and  Afrika, 
koloniz  hdjz  infansi  ^jresajez  a  fq,tiiriti  sekond  onli  tu  dat  ov  dq^r  elder  Amer- 
ikan  sisterhiad.  3a  hav  aqevd  de  log-lusted-fer  dominyon  ov  India  and  de 
Est,  and  a  multitxid  ov  ojanz  fq^rest  ilz  ;  komandig,  in  Jert,  (despjt  de  kroel 
and  unjust  menz  bj  hwiq  mug  ov  dis  empir  haz  bin  akwjrd,)  a  pozijon  ov 
onor,  pser,  and  magnifisens,  a  sober  deskripjon  ov  hvviq  wud  sem  but  an 
ekstravagans  ov  metafor.  Napoleon  esad  tu  kumj^as  yi^niversal  dominyon, 
but  de  pepl,  hot)  wer  hiz  kompeld  instrooments,  brok  dyu  under  de  stran  ov  hiz 
enerraus  grasp.  3e  qrtifijal  asendensi  hwig  he  atand  in  a  fq,  yerz,  bj  de  mjti 
fors  ov  hiz  wil,  perijt  in  a  da.  It  iz  fcLr  uderwjz  wid  de  empjr  ov  Agglo- 
Saksondom.  3e  elevajon  and  ekspanjon  ov  dis  ras  haz  bin  de  wurk  ov  tim. 
It  iz  de  natynral  rezult  ov  hj  intelektynal  pserz,  perseverigli  apljd  tu  definit 
objekts.  Ljk  de  ok,  its  grot  haz  bin  de  proses  ov  senti^riz,  and  it  wil  endi^r 
fer  ajez. 

In  fermig  a  korekt  estimat  ov  de  pozijon  and  inflqens  ov  de  Apglo-Saksonz 
in  de  fq,tyiir,  we  must  ad,  az  an  esenjal  element  in  ^r  konsiderajon,  de  rat  ov 
niimerikal  inkres  at  hwiq  da  q,r  progresig.  Nafonal  preeminens  duz  not  rest 
on  numberz,  els  wer  de  Gjnez  and  HindoDZ  de  wurldz  masterz  ;  but  hwen,  tu 
de  hjest  mental  pser,  iz  adjomd  de  gratest  nqmerikal  stregt,  a  wjz  and  benev- 
olent guvernmental  s^premasi  over  de  weker  and  les  hjli  endsd  bekumz  an 
erderli,  az  wel  az  an  inevitabl,  nesesiti.  Eis  konjugkjon  ov  mental  and  fizikal 
vigor,  we  kontend,  belogz  tu  de  Agglo-Saksonz. 

M41869 


rUNIVERSAL    LAWGWaj. 


3e  Frenq  statists  tel  us  dat  de  popynlajon  ov  de  Yqnjted  Stats  dublz  itself 
Avuns  iu  tweiiti-fiv  yerz,  and  dat  ov  Grat  Briten  wuns  in  t?rti-for  j'erz.  Tu 
be  widin  de  mq,rk,  let  us  supoz  dat  ferti  yerz  hens,  fer  wun  Ai}glo-Sal<son  we 
n^  hav,  djir  wil  be  too  ;  and  mq,rk  de  ijyn — 120,000,000  ov  Ijv,  buslig,  Amer- 
ikanz  and  Igglijmen  in  1890  !  His  iz  a  kalkqlajon  ov  vast  signifikans,  and 
fermz  a  lejitimat  topik  ov  konsiderajon  fer  de  most  praktikal  and  mater-ov- 
fakt  mindz.  Hs  raeni  alq,rmist  ferz,  wid  respekt  tu  de  fiityi^r  kors  ov  relijon 
ftad  politiks,  wud  de  rekognijon  ov  dis  probabiliti  ala,  wer  it  understiad,  and 
its  ful  ko'nsekvensez,  aprejiated  ! 

;  Btt  di&  impresiv  fakt  asumz  a  muq  hjer  impertans  hwen  komp^rd  wid  de 
n'qlnoiikal  progv^^s  ov  udsr  rasez.  3e  Jermanz,  nerli  aproqig  de  IggliJ  in  kast 
ov  hcirt  and  intelekt,  stand  nekst  tu  dem  in  jorolifikajon,  dublig  demselvz 
•  uns  in  sevnti-for  yerz.  3en  foloz  Holand,  dublig  its  skwot  litl  self  in  wun 
hundred  and  siks  yerz  ;  nekst  Itali,  hwiq  taks  wun  hundred  and  terti-fjv  yerz 
tu  perferm  de  sam  operajon.  Frans  standz  nekst,  and  iz  reworded  fer  its 
jdolatri  ov  de  sord,  and  its  Ijt  estimat  ov  wedloks  holi  bondz,  bj  dublig  itself 
in  wun  hundred  and  terti-at  yerz.  In  a  gradyi^ali  dekresig  skal  prosed  el  de 
uder  Yi^ropean  rasez,  until  we  req  Turki,  hwig,  in  its  siiperlativ  wizdom,  sub- 
stitiitig  poligami  fer  Hevnz  apernted  le  ov  monogami,  suksedz  in  givig  tu  de 
wurld  tot)  men  fer  wun  in  fjv  hundred  and  fifti-fiv  yerz,. 


as  AT^TGLO-SAKSONZ  KOMPARD  Wia  EL8MENTAL  KSSEZ,  AND  aS  FST 
OV  UNMIKST  NaXGNZ, 


36  Agglo-Sakson  ras,  az  everibodi  noz,  iz  de  rezult  ov  a  kombinajon  ov 
hqrdi  Kelts,  tigkig  Saksonz,  and  endi^rig  Skandinavianz.  3e  produkt  ov  d^r 
amalgatnajon  iz  a  pepl  end^d  wid  de  ekselensiz  ov  el.  It  iz  komonli  belevd 
dat  if  a  kat  be  tron  from  eni  hjt  hwotever,  it  wil  elwaz  manaj  tu  fel  on  its 
fet.  In  dis  respekt  Agglo-Saksonz  qr  veri  muQ  Ijk  kats.  Drop  an  Amerikan, 
er  an  Igglijman,  upon  eni  kuntri,  and  in  eni  komnniti,  and  ten  tu  wun  he 
wil  akomodat  himself  tu  hiz  nq  serkumstansez,  and  bekum  a  trjvig  and  yijs- 
ful  sitizen.  From  de  flrktik  zon  tu  de  fersest  Indian  het,  *ihwqr  dco  ja>  not 
fjnd  Agglo-Saksonz  engajd  in  sum  enterprjz  er  uder.  Lik  de  kats,  da  elwaz 
drop  on  d^r  fet. 

In  de  development  ov  de  karakter  ov  elemental  rasez,  we  elwaz  fjnd  a 
predominans  ov  wun  set  ov  fakulliz,  atended  wid  a  korespondig  dwerfijnes  in 
de  uderz  ;  dus  reiiderig  dem,  tu  a  grat  ekstent,  de  slavz  ov  serkumstansez,  and 
kezig  d^r  welff^r  and  hapines  tu  depend  on  de  kontinynans  ov  serten  kondi- 
fonz.  3e  trajt  ov  diti  statment  iz  konfermJ  bj  bot  past  and  kontemporaneus 
histori.  Fer  instans,  de  Frenq  qv  esenjali  an  elemental  ras,  and  qr  d^rfor 
kapabl  ov  fulfilig  onli  a  limited  ranj  ov  dqtiz.  Hwen  da  atemt  tu  akomplij 
enterprjzez  st  ov  ds^r  sfer,  da  met  wid  misfertyqn  and  disgras.  Sum  ov  de 
best  Frenq  familiz  setld  on  de  St.  Lerens,  Objo,  and  Misisipi,  and  a  listles, 
unprogresiv  jenerajon  haz  bin  de  ijyii;  bekez  de  nq  kondijonz  in  hwiq  da 
hav  bin  kast,  dcD  not  korespond  wid  dj^r  mental  fakultiz.  Kolonizajon — dat 
master-polisi,  er  rafler  nesesiti,  ov  Iggland — de  mansta  ov  dat  kuntriz  gratnes, 


iHT  OV  ELEMENiai  RaSEZ. 


i«  not  wun  ov  At  diitiz  ov  Frans.  SEe  batl  wid  natynr  in  prjmeval  forests,  on 
de  prari,  and  de  swomp,  must  be  left  tu  hq,rdier  and  braver  spirits.  We  ofn 
tigk  ov  Frans  and  her  distrcsez,  and  striv  tu  form  sum  jdea  ov  her  fiitynr 
lot.  1  Hy  qr  h^r  trublz  tu  end  ;  and  "i  hwot  wil  be  her  fat.  Fiitynr  events  qr 
wjzli  hidn  from  us,  in  order  dat  we  ma  ever  akt  in  fredom.  ([  nolej  ov  de 
filtyq,r  wud  destrar  sr  fredom  ov  tet  and  akjon.  So  fqr  az  we  qr  abl  tu  folo 
«t  kezez  tu  d^ir  efekts.  and  tu  tras  efekts  bak  tu  dq,r  kezez,  we  ma  form  sura 
idea  ov  de  probabl  fiitynr  destiniov  dat  najon.  Gjded,  den,  bj  dez  lits  and  de 
paj  ov  histori,  we  konfidentli  belev  dat  Frans  haz  sen  her  britest  daz.  Not 
dat  we  tigk  her  sun  wil  set, — we  luv  Frans,  and  pra  dat  no  suq  kalamiti  ma 
befel  her, — but  we  belev  dat,  relativli,  her  halo  wil  fad  befor  de  superior 
brjtnesov  uder  sunz;  and  hwjlst  tagkful  for  de  grat  servisez  Je  haz  renderd  tu 
sivllizajon,  we  beJev  dat  hjer  and  pi^rer  iufli^ensez  dan  herz  qr  destind  tu  fe,') 
d^r  benignant  raz  on  advansig  hiimanifci.  3^r  iz  suratig  reali  komik  in  de 
komon  ferz  and  forbodigz  dat  Frans  wil  obtan  a  mor  inflqenjal  pozijon,  and 
a  mor  komandig  atiti^d  amug  de  oajonz,  dan  J"e  at  prezent  lioldz.  Destitq^t 
ov  evn  de  abiliti  ov  self-guvernment,  "i  h^  kan  fe  aspjr  tu  led  and  guvern 
udefz.  Inkresig  slc3li,  dublig  herself  onli  wuns  in  a  hundred  and  t«rti-at 
yerz,  wid  no  surplus  popy^lajon,  it  iz  evident  tu  el  dat  konsentrajon  ov  let 
and  enerji  on  horn  improovments,  iz  natyiirali  de  tra>  and  onli  posibl  suksesful 
mijon  ov  Gelik  enterprjz, — abandonig  fer  ever  de  mad  ambijon  ov  militari 
konkwest,  az  de  wjldest  and  wikedest  ov  deli^gonz.  But  sadli  iz  it  tu  be  ferd 
dat  dis  najonal  wizdom  iz  yet  tu  be  pur^ast,  and  dat  its  prjs  wil  be — a  biter 
ekspsriena, 

Tu  Span  de  sam  remqrks  aplj.  Xe  atemted  tu  kolonjz  Meksiko  and  Perco, 
but  not  pozesig  de  rekwLzit  versatiliti  ov  mjnd  for  adaptig  h-erself  tu  de  novel 
sitynajon  in  hwiq  Je  woz  plast,  her  megynrz  partakig  ov  h«r  on  naro  and 
ekskiiiiSiv  karakter,  J£  weknd  and  paraljzd  her  nativ  enerjiz  in  strjvig  tu  fulfil 
a  vokajon  hwiq  iz  natyqrali  beyond  her  ])serz. 

ae  piy  Kelts,  de  Hjlanderz  ov  Skotland,  h®,  a  sentqri  sins,  menast  ds 
egzisiens  ov  BritiJ  institujonz,  qr  tuda  peperjzd  and  famin-strikn.  Nq,  s«r- 
kiimstansez  hav  arizn^  tu  hwiq  d^r  erganizajon  kan  not  akomodat  itself. 
Rob  Eer  and  hiz  dedz  hav  past  awa  for  ever.  Plunder  and  peti  werfq^r  kan 
not  egzist  sjd  bj  sjd  wid  Glasgo  kotn  milz  and  de  komers  ov  de  Kljd.  ^rij" 
suferig  oz  its  egzistens,  in  sum  me3yiir,  tu  de  sam  kez;  but  it  iz  tu  be  remem- 
berd  dat  no  aflikjon  iz  ever  permited  wontonli,  but  elwaz  far  de  akomplijmenfc 
ov  sum  gild  end. 


HS  FST  OV  ELSMENTSRI  RflSEZ. 


Hwen  dizez  invadz  de  bodili  sistem,  natyi^r  wurks  insesantli  toardz  its 
ckspuljon,  and  de  restorajon  ov  de  primitiv  belt  and  vigor.  Az  Avid  de 
mikr«)kozm,  so  wid  de  makrokozm ;  de  sam  proses  ov  rejenerajon  iz  komon 
tu  e<j,  foi-  smel  sistemz  qr  but  de  refJekJonz  ov  Iqrj  wunz  ov  a  similar  kjnd: 
natyi^r  ever  egzists  aljk  in  de  grat  and  in  de  smol.  cle  prinsipl  hwi<j  moldz 
de  dii-drop  and  de  ter,  givz  form  and  order  tii  de  y^inivers. 


YtLNIVERSAL    LAWGWSJ. 


Hwotever  iz  foren  tu  sr  fizikal  struktym',  and  inkapabl  ov  abserpjon  and 
yH,s,  iz  forst  tia  de  surfas,  and  d^r  kast  of.  In  sosjeti — de  makrokozm — we 
tras  a  perfekt  analoji  ov  dis  sanitiv  proses  in  ds  individyi|al  man — de  mjkro- 
kozm.  3us  serten  rasez  ov  men,  trcD  hereditari  dcjenerajon,  hav  l)8kv\m  efet 
and  yxisles,  and  qr  sloli  pasig  from  de  ert.  3e  Nerf)  Amerikan  Indianz,  and 
de  aborijinez  ov  Polinejia,  q,r,  yer  bj  yer,  diminijig.  3e  Karibz,  er  de  orijinal 
inhabitants  ov  de  West  Indez,  hav  entjrli  disaperd,  eldo  a  fij  sentx|,riz  sins  da 
wer  a  numerus  and  fermidabl  pepl.  It  ma  be  sed  dat  it  iz  unfj\r  tu  rezon  dus, 
and  dat  rum  and  hwiski  hav  kezd  de  dekres.  Veri  tr®  ;  but  dis  fakt  duz  not 
in  de  lest  invalidat  vi  prinsipl.  3is  redines  tu  fel  under  mer  senj^al  temtajon 
onli  goz  tu  konferm  de  aserjon  dat  dis  forlorn  res  woz  wontii)  in  el  de  hjer 
trats  ov  hiimaniti.  We  hav  no  ned  tu  nurtyi^r  eder  sr  prjd  er  sr  vaniti  wid 
de  nolej  ov  dez  poor  kretyi^rz  d«nfel.  It  Jud  rader  humbl  us,  and  mak  us 
tetful  under  de  remembrans  dat,  debast  and  benjted  az  dez  pepl  qr,  da  qr  yet 
^r  bredren,  and  ^ildren  ov  de  sam  gud  Fqder ;  and  dat  dsir  To  kondijon  but 
Jadoz  fort  a  stat  ov  beig  tu  hwiq  we  «rselvz  ma  yet  desend,  if  not  aljv  tu  'sr 
dqtiz,  and  obedient  tu  de  lez  ov  sr  natyqral  and  spiritynal  egzistens. 

In  kontemplatig  de  najonz  ov  antikwiti,  and  vvjig  dem  kolektivli  az  wun 
grand  man,  we  qr  remjnded  ov  de  anjent  fabl,  in  hwiy  diverz  memberz  ov  de 
bodi  klamd  separat  soverinti,  and  independens  ov  eq  uder.  So  it  haz  bin  wid 
hqraaniti  in  de  past.  £q  nafon  haz  ignord  de  egzistens  ov  de  uder,  deliidig 
itself  wid  de  fansi  dat  it  woz  el-snfijent  in  itself,  and  askig  in  de  prjd  ov  its  on 
self-luv,  *i  Hwj  Jud  j  serv  er  depend  upon  uderz  ;  "i  hw j  Jud  i  not  rader  be  a 
wurld,  and  liv  for  myself  alon.  Brigii)  dez  misqivus  konsepjonz  intu  akjon,  eq 
najonal  koranniti  haz  isolated  itself  az  fqr  az  posibl,  and  gerdld  itself  abst 
wid  perpleksig  komerjal  restrikjonz,  beriig  everi  nobl  felig  under  heps  ov  insan 
prejqdisez,  and  niknamig  dem  patriotizm. 

In  anjent  tjm,  Jx\  and  Jentjl  Aver  sinonimz  fer  frend  and  euemi.  3e  Asiri- 
anz,  Babilonianz,  Masedonianz,  and  Eomanz,  eq,  in  turn,  set  tu  subjqgat  er 
eksterpat  el  uder  najonz.  Wid  de  Mediteranean  Se  betwen  dem,  Rom  kud 
not  b^r  de  egzistens  ov  Kqrtaj,  ner  Kqrtaj  bred  frcli  in  de  prezens  ov  Rom. 
So  in  modern  tjmz,  Frenqnien  hav  hated  Igglijmen,  and  IggTiJmen  hav 
despjzd  Frenqmen.  3e  Kelt  abherd  de  Sakson,  and  de  Sakson  in  return  oprest 
de  Kelt.  3e  Spanyard  haz  gazd  hetili  arsnd  him,  and  nurtyrird  hiz  pr^-d 
hqrt  wid  de  jdea  dat  ■gt  ov  hiz  land  egzisted  neder  gratnes  ner  glori.  3e 
Mahomedan  haz  kurst  de  Kristyan,  and  de  Kristyan,  in  testifjig  de  dept  ov  hiz 
akwantans  Avid  de  forgivig  presepts  ov  hiz  profest  Master,  haz  mokt  and  revjld 
de  IslaEajt.  ©ina  and  Japan,  refjnig  and  imprtovig  upon  dis,  akomplijt  hwot 
uder  najonz  did  onli  in  pqrt,  and  liv  and  dj  in  solitari  selfijues.  But  a  qanj 
iz  kumig  over  de  wurld.  ©jna  herself  iz  everi  da  opnig  de  gats  ov  sum  ov 
her  tszand  sitiz,  and  invjtig  men  ov  el  najonz  tu  dwel  in  dem.  Bj  sum 
mistik  menz  it  haz  bin  persevd  dat  belt  in  de  handz  duz  not  kez  paralisis  in  de 
fet,  and  dat  prosperiti  in  Frans  duz  not  implj  bagkrnptsi  in  Briten ;— dat  az  no 
member  in  de  bodi  iz  advantajd  bj  dizez  and  mertifikajon  in  de  iider  memberz, 
but  kontrariwiz,  iz  stregtend  and  blest  in  de  jeneral  helt ;  so  in  sosjeti,  de 
errand  man,  er  makrokozm  ov  htimaniti  in  hwiq  everi  separat  najon  kores- 


HWOT  AWGLO  SAKSON  INKRSS  MgNS. 


pondz  tu  sum  member,  and  haz  a  fugkjon  and  yi^s  ov  its  on,  it  Jud  be  a 
mater  ov  taykfalnes  and  rejersig  tu  her  ov  yi^niv^rsal  welf^r  and  prosperiti. 
Viid  under  dis  aspekt,  hs  van  and  kontemtibli  men  bekum  meni  akjonz  in 
hwi^  najonali,  we  tak  prjd. 

Az  de  fizikal  bodi  kau  not  egzist  wid  impuniti  under  de  sistematik  vjolajon 
ov  de  natyiiral  lez,  so  neder  kan  de  bodi  politik.  It  avoz  latli  stated  dat  a 
amel  vilaj  on  de  IggliJ  kost  had  fer  a  log  period  bin  inhabited  soUi  bi  a  pepl 
ha>  gand  d^r  livlihud  bj  fijii).  Livig  fq,r  remcovd  from  uder  komq,nitiz,  da 
had  marid  and  iutermarid  kontinynali  amug  demselvz.  SEe  rezult  ov  d^r 
isolajon,  and  log  adherens  tu  wuu  serkumskribd  rcoten  ov  peti  di^tiz,  perpet- 
yx^ated  from  jenerajon  tu  jenerajon,  w  z  a  mqrkt  deteriorajon  ov  karakter, 
and  a  k^sntrakjon  ov  mjnd,  until,  elmost  animaljzd,  da  bekam  kapabl  ov  litl 
els  dan  mer  fij-kaqig.  In  dis  vilaj  we  hav  a  tjp,  in  an  egzajerated  form,  ov 
d«  evilz  hwiq  najonz  brig  upon  djmselvz  bj  a  similar  kors  ov  akjon.  Did  da 
suksed  in  dqr  atemts  at  perfekt  isola^''on,  az  turoli  az  dez  vilajerz,  de  rezult 
wud  be  de  sani.  Az  it  iz,  trublz,  perpleksitiz,  and  konvuljonz  q,r  permited  tu 
aflikt  dem,  az  a  menz  ov  eksjtig  d^r  atenjou  tu  dq,r  erorz,  and  arszig  dem,  if 
posibl,  tu  a  sens  ov  6^r  danjer.  It  iz  fer  dis  end  dat  irland  haz  bin  skurjd, — 
dat  d£  elementari  rasez  iu  uder  najonz  qr  in  a  stat  ov  perturbajon,  and  dat  de 
restriktiv  komerfal  lez  ov  nerli  ei  de  sivil^zd  najonz,  inflikt  onli  raizeri  on 
demselvz  and  uderz.  tie  end  in  de  kas  ov  ^rlaud  haz  elredi  bin,  in  pqrt,  gand. 
Az  pij^r  and  unmikst  ^rijmen,  so  strog  and  impulsiv  wer  meni  ov  d^r  tendensiz 
tu  varius  evilz,  dat  litl  kud  he  hopt  fer  from  dem.  Az  d^r  woz  yet  muq  gud 
iu  dem, —  unljk  de  Amerikau  Indianz  er  de  Karibz, — dq,r  fat  woz  not  tu  be 
swept  fpam  de  evt.  An  infij^on  ov  nq,  blud,  and  dj^rbj  a  modifikajon  ov  dqr 
karakter,  bekam  nesesari.  Politikal  diskontent  and  ajitajon,  de  famin  and  de 
plag,  kombind  tu  drjv  dem  akros  de  Atlantik,  and  ns  on  dis  bred  kontinent  da 
q,r  stron  and  disperst,  and  in  tjm  wil  be  abserbd  and  miggld  in  de  grat  flud- 
stremz  ov  najonz  hwi<5  qr  metig  on  sr  se-l. 

We  kan  not  her  ava-d  alq,dig  tu  de  strog  rezemblans  betwen  Amerika  at 
prezent,  and  Iggland  at  de  Neraian  koukwest.  In  dat  land  met  de  wjdli, 
diferent  rasez  ov  Kelt,  Sakson,  and  Skandinavian ;  and  de  ijyn  ov  d^r  jugkjon 
woz  de  enterprjzig  and  benevolent  Igglijmen  ov  de  prezent  da.  In  dis  kuntri, 
a  l^k  proses,  but  on  a  vastli  mor  jjgantik  skal,  semz  goig  forward.  Her  we 
se  m£tig  and  intemiigglig,  in  varid  pro^XDrJon,  men  ov  everi  Yiyopean  ras. 
Wid  de  inkrest  menz  ov  lokomojon  n«  f urnijt,  it  iz  probabl  de  kombinajon  wil 
muq  sojTier  req  komplejon.  Hwot  de  presjs  natyi^r  ov  de  produkt  ma  be,  we 
no  not;  but  dat  it  wil  be  gud,  and  req  a  hj  stat  ov  tro  sivilizajon  and  hapines 
^r  belef  in  de  el-wjz  lez  ov  de  Divjn  Providens  givz  us  ful  ajipans. 


HWOT  ATJGLO-SAKSON  INKRES  MSNZ. 


Despotizm  haz  elwaz  megurd  Amerikan  and  IggliJ  institi}Jonz  wid  de  [  ov 
a  wakful  enemi.  From  de  tjm  hwen  de  SpaniJ  (Irmqda  aproqt  Britanz  snoi 
klifs,  until  «r  on  da,  hwen  sr  flurijig  egzistene  iz  an  jsor  tu  everi  foren  tyrant, 
IggliJ  and  Amerikan  infl^ens  haz  bin  egzerted  in  de  defens  and  suport  ov  de 


YUNIVERSAL   LATJGWaj. 


bred  prinsiplz  ov  hitman  liberti.  Trjal  bj  juri,  a  fre  pres,  an  opn  and  strat- 
ferward  delig  in  el  tigz,  hav  bekura  so  depli  asojiated  -wiA  de  karakter  ov  de 
najon,  dat  un-lpglij  haz  bekum  a  sinouim  far  sinister  and  unf^r.  Trco  enuf 
it  iz  dat  on  several  oka3onz  ber  guvernnient  haz  swervd  from  its  diiti  az  de 
reprezentativ  and  gqrdian  ov  fredom;  but  de  eksepjonz  qr  onli  prof  ov  de  rcol. 
"S"t  ov  Amerika  and  Iggland,  at  de  prezent  moment,  df^r  iz  hqrdli  a  fiat  ov  erfr 
in  dis  wjd  wurld  hw^r  ci  man  kan  piiblikli  spek  hiz  tets  az  biz  fre  wil  listed. 
Hwot  feligz  ov  miggld  Jam  and  tagkf nines  duz  suq  a  fakt  enjender!  Widst 
fredom  d^r  kan  be  no  wurdi  development  ov  karakter.  Forsfe  vertyij  iz  n©' 
v^rtyn,  at  el.  Mer  kompuljon  and  woqfialnes  never  mad  a  g^M  a  grat  er  giad 
man,  and  da  kan  suksed  az  litl  in  makig  a  pepl  a  hapi  and  ytisful  naJon.  3e 
QJld  hot)  iz  never  al^d  tu  go  ner  de  fjr, — 3t  ov  bcoz  req  de  Jugar  and  mi)k  q,r 
elwaz  kept,  and,  az  a  bee,  iz  konfjnd  widin  for  welz,  and  gqrded  lest  hz  Jud 
fel  intia  hqrmz  wa, — over  boom  fer  and  ignorans  qr  mad  de  qef  instrtonients-  ov 
kontrol,  ma  kum  fort  tu  de  wnrld  a  presjs  and  selfij  sitizen,  but  never  a  nobl, 
self-denjig,  and  rajonal  man.  Befor  sr  vjsez  kan  bs  eradikated,  fe  must  bay 
de  oporti^niti  tu  aper,  els  dq^r  egzistens  remanz  unnon,  yet  nim  de  les  inrcoted 
and  danjenis.  It  iz  Ijk  helig  a  kiitauens  erupjon  b^  -gtward  aplikajoaz,  liwjq„ 
in  givig  kumlines  tu  de  eksterior,  onli  drjvz  bak  de  dizez  upon  de  internai  and 
vjtal  erganz.  3e  sistem  ov  despotik  rojlerjip  and  its  mvzerabi  rezults,  az 
egzemplifjd  in  de  prjvasi  ov  Ijf,  iz  a  peiiekt  ilustrajon  ov  its  karakter  in  da 
mor  ekstended  sfer  ov  de  guvernments  ov  najonz.  Ljk  de  kompold  and  bljnd 
obediens  ov  de  qjld,  iz  de  alejans  tenderd  tu  despots.  3s  le?aTti  ov  an  Italyam 
er  a  Frenqman  must  ov  nesesiti  be  suspijus,  and  dat  ov  de  Rojaii  a  raokeri 
and  a  fqrs ;  but  de  ataqment  ov  de  Amerikan  er  de  Igglijman  tu  hiz  guvern- 
ment  haz  a  wurD  and  a  menig,  bekez  it  iz  de  fre  o.fei-ii)  ov  hiz  kombjndl 
interest  and  afekjon. 

We  q,r  not  fond  ov  Kwiksotik  entei-prjzez  srselvz,  and  q,r  az  litl  inkljnd  tui 
preskrjb  dem  tu  sr  frendz  and  naborz,  but  it  duz  sem  tu  us  dat  if  Agglo- 
Saksonz  hav  a  mi/on,  a  purpus,  and  an  end  tu  fulfil  on  erfi,  wun  ov  de  ferst 
di^tiz  ov  dq^r  egzistens  iz  de  establijment  ov  fre  and  popyt^lar  guvernments  el 
over  de  wurld.  Not,  be  it  rememberd,  bj  stepig  intu  Frans>  (evn  wer  da  abl,) 
er  eni  uder  land,  and  komandig  de  instititjon  ov  suq  and  suq  a  guvernmental 
erganizajon.  Fqr  uderwjz.  Fredom,  Ijk  frcDt,  rekwjra  t^m  and  sunjjn  fer  its 
perfekt  development ;  and  gasljt  wil  az  soon  rjpn  de  wnn,  az  eksternal  fors  and 
fizikal  efort  de  uder.  "i  H-&-  den  iz  de  Agglo-Sakson  inflqens  tu  be  egzerted. 
Simpli  hi  moral  menz.  Muq  az  moral  fors  iz  tekt  ov  ns-a-daz  d^r  q,r  hi  kco 
ferm  a  trco  konsepjon  ov  its  inflqens  and  pb'ei*,  and  boo  repoz  sufijent  fat  in  de 
elokwens  and  grandi^r  ov  a  gud  egzampl.  Gres  and  Rom  had  past  awa  fer 
tflD  tszand  yerz,  yet  de  heroizm  ov  dq^r  grat  men,  az  rekerded  in  dj^r  gloig 
literatq,r,  animated  and  eksjted  de  mooverz  in  de  f§rst  Frenq  RevoJiiJan  tu  a 
piq  ov  de  wjldest  entiiziazm.  If  de  log-lapst  past  haz  dus  ministerd  so  IqrjU 
tu  de  felig  ov  de  prezent,  h's  muq  mor  ma  not  de  wjz,  dekoras,  and  i3ros|)erus 
lejislajon  ov  de  Agglo-Sakson  najonz  eksjt  tu  imitativ  emyn,laJon  amugst  dq,r 
naborz.  And  be  it  remqrkt,  de  tjd  ov  inkres  in  Agglo-Saksondom  iz  fq,r  from 
beig  at  its  flud:  it  iz  rjzig  hjer  and  hjer  da  bj  da,  distansig,  bj  fqr,  el  rjvalz. 


as    YtLNIVERSAL    LATsTGWaj.— S  HWie  WIL    IT    BS.  9 

Meni  a  vug  man  hco  redz  dez  pajez  wil  yet  sc  dc  ras  tu  hwicj  he  bclogz  diibld 
in  numberz,  liwilst  uder  najonz,  Ijk  Frans,  wil  not  hav  aded  an  adij'onal  fort 
tu  ^nr  popyiilajo"-  ^t  grat  del  iz  ment  bi  dis  dublig  ov  Agglo-Saksondom. 
K&  adijon  ov  anuder  Iggland  and  Yiinjted  Stats  tu  de  kigdomz  ov  de  erfi  wil, 
ov  a  Jui'ti,  form  no  bhigk  era  in  de  wurklz  histori.  4  Ov  hwot  qr  we  prwd. 
SUpon  hwot  dcD  we  gaz  wid  suq  suprem  satisfakjon.  Upon  enlitnd  Kristianiti, 
a  fre  pros,  mijonz,  cdyiikaj'on,  ralwaz,  qep  postaj,  stembots,  and  everi  sjentifik 
improDvment.  Abstrakt  de  Agglo-Saksonz  from  hiimaniti,  and  'ihw^r  q,r  dez 
tigz.  Eko  anserz,  'iHwqr.  Yes,  it  iz  a  fakt  hwiq  it  wud  be  afektajon  tu 
konsel,  dat  de  hjest  and  best  ov  de  wurldz  mental  sunjjn  felz  trco  de  medium 
ov  Amerikan  and  IggUJ  solz. 


38    YUNIVERSAL    LAUGWa J— S  HWW    WIL    IT    BS. 


Q  belef  in  de  filtynr  prevalens  ov  a  yxiniversal  laggwaj,  aperz  tu  meni  pepl 
az  a  vi3onari  idea.  3[at  a  yn,niversal  laggwaj  iz  gratli  tu  be  dezjrd,  el  freli 
admit;  dat  it  wud  foster  frendli  feligz  amug  najonz,  temper  dsn  &ny  preju- 
disez,  and  root  st  animositiz,  iz  self-apj^rent;  dat  it  wud  beatended  wid  inkal- 
kii,labl  advantajez  in  everi  department  ov  Ijf, — in  komers,  literatiir  and  relij- 
on, — el  tetful  men  wil  at  wuns  persev;  but  de  jeneral  opinyon  iz,  dat  Ijk 
meni  uder  blesed  tigz  tu  be  enjerd  in  "  de  gud  tjm  kumig,"  it  must  be  log  and 
pajentli  wated  fer;  dat  in  de  mentim  nutig  kan  be  dun  tu  hasn  its  aproq ; 
and  dat  it  iz  litl  beter  dan  a  wast  ov  wurdz  tu  spekyi^lat  on  ds  subjekt.  We 
disent  from  dis  konklii3on,  and  wil  brefli  stat  de  gr^-ndz  ov  sr  belef  in  de 
akomplijment  ov  dis  jerus  antisipajon. 

3!q,r  hav  bin  several  teoriz  and  gesez  az  tu  de  laggwaj  most  Ijkli  tu  bekum 
yiiniv«rsal.  De  Kwinsi,  for  instans,  haz  predikted  dat  Si^aniJ  and  IngliJ  wil 
yet  divjd  de  ert.  Uderz  hav  pron^-nst  similar  jujments  upon  Frenq  and  Jer- 
man,  but  apq,rentli  from  no  watier  rezonz  dan  a  personal  admirajon  ov  de 
kwolitiz  ov  doz  tugz,  and  dq,r  supozd  adaptajon  tu  de  purpusez  ov  najonal  in- 
terkors.  It  iz  evident  dat  it  wud  be  yi^sles  for  eni  individyn,al,  sosieti,  ev 
guvernment,  hsever  p^erful,  tu  selekt  sum  wun  laggwaj,  hweder  livig  er  ded, 
hsever  ekselent  it  mjt  be,  and  advokat  its  adopjon  bj  el  najonz  az  a  komon, 
medium  ov  interkors.  Not  dus  wil  dis  magnifisent  end  be  realjzd.  Lejis- 
lajon  on  suqa  mater  wud  be  az  fatal  and  impotent  az  dekrez  abst  relijon  and 
ilrtiklz  ov  fat.  Tu  tjui  and  de  komon  vers  ov  mankjnd,  must  el  suq  deter 
minajonz  be  left. 

It  ma  not  be  eltugeder  a  profitles  task  tu  defjn  de  kondijonz  upon  hwiq  a 
laggwaj  kan  posibli  gan  yn,niversaliti;  and,  givn  dez  kondijonz,  sum  sert  ov 
konkliigon  ma  be  arjvd  at;  az  tu  de  tug  in  hwiq  el  men  ma  yet  spek. 

1.  tie  laggwaj  hwiq  iz  tu  wurk  its  wa  tu  yiyiiversaliti,  must  hav,  az  a 
primari  rekwizit,  a  lq,rj  popyi^lajon  basis. 

2.  Tu  dis  nij^merikal  eksten Jon  must  be  aded  enerji  in  everi  faz  ovkarakter, 
enterpriz  and  persistens  in  everi  depcirtment  ov  Ijf.  Q  listles  ras,  hsever  nii- 
merus,  er  h^ever  refjud  in  manerz,  kud  never  suksed  in  impozig  d^r  laggwaj 
upon  uder  pepl.     If  Sanskrit  and  Gjncz  wer  az  y^fonius  and  ekspresiv  az 


10  YliNIVERSAL    LAWGWaj. 

Grek,  da  \vud  never  ekstend  dqr  sfer  ov  infliiens  fq^  beyond  de  welz  ov  de 
yiiniversitiz.  SEe  pser  tia  fors  a  laggwaj  intu  yn,niversaliti,  kan  be  eksersjzd 
onli  bj  a  pepl  Ikdz  infliiens  iz  felt  in  everi  afq,r  ov  dali  Ijf ;  de  konstant  prez- 
eus  ov  licDz  mjnd,  in  everi  transakjon,  wil  nesesitat  de  akwjrment  ov  an  ezi 
medium  ov  komiinikajon  wid  dem. 

3.  a!e  yiiniversal  laggwaj  must,  neverdeles,  pozes  kopiusnes,  and  a  Iqrj  ka- 
pasiti  ov  abserpjon,  wid  a  fleksibiliti  ov  struktyq,r  hwiq  wil  redili  admit  ov  in- 
kres  and  grot  bj  de  asimilajon  ov  de  best  pqrts,  de  most  ekspresiv  wurdz  and 
idiomz,  ov  de  laggwajez  it  ma  si^persed. 

4.  3e  laggwaj  dat  iz  tubekum  yi^niversal  must  be  wel  kultivated,  rig  in  liter- 
atiir,  kontanig  everi  degre  ov  stil,  from  de  most  simpl  tu  de  most  ernat.  In 
Jert,  a  yi^niversal  laggwaj  must  be  end^-d  wid  a  turoli  kozmopolitan  karakter, 
so  az  tu  akomodat  itself  tu  everi  Jad  ov  intelijens  and  afekjon  ov  liwiq  de 
yq,niversal  mjnd  iz  kompozd. 

5.  It  must  hav  a  fonetik  reprezentajon,  and  dat  for  'too  wati  rezonz.  In 
fte  ferst  plas,  a  laggwaj  not  fonetikali  reprezented,  wud  soon  ses  tu  be  wun 
and  indivizibl;  pronuusiajon  wud  go  astra,  and  sooner  er  later  de  laggwaj  wud 
be  divjded  and  lost  in  a  medli  ov  djalekts.  Wid  a  fonetik  reprezentajon, 
pronunsiajon  wud  bekum  fikst,  and  dus  yunifermiti  wud  be  prezervd.  In  de 
sekond  plas,  a  fonetik  reprezentajon  wud  be  nesesari  az  a  menz  ov  makig  de 
ol-impertant  q,rt  ov  redig  ezi  ov  akwizijon.  3e  wurld  kan  never  be  keld  up- 
on tu  wad  tro)  suq  an  ertografik  kwogmjr  az  de  IggliJ  laggwaj,  in  its  prezent 
ertografi,  prezents. 

Brigig  de  laggwajez  ov  antikwiti  tu  de  abuv  tests,  it  iz  at  wuns  sen  dat  dqr 
revjval  iz  an  imposibiliti.  Brigig  de  laggwajez  ov  tu-da,  and  mesurig  dem  bj 
dis  standard,  we  fjnd  sum  Iqrjli  end-sd  wid  wun  er  toD  ov  de  rekwizit  kwolitiz, 
but  defijent  in  uderz.  3!us,  de  Italyau  iz  a  b^tiful  laggwaj, — a  kombinajon 
ov  miizik  and  poetri;  but  d^r  itsynsez  ma  be  sed  tu  end.  It  iz  unfit  fer  kom- 
ers,  it  laks  de  popyn,laJon  basis,  and  de  pepl  q,r  destitvit  ov  de  enerji  dat  kud 
fors  it  intu  wjder  serkiilajon.  Its  da  ov  glori  iz  past.  Jerman  iz  admirabli 
adapted  fer  presjs  and  metafizikal  eksprejon,  but  it  iz  wontig  in  elmost  everi 
uder  kwoliti.  Tro),  it  iz  nerli  fonetik  and  iz  wjdli  spokn,  but  it  iz  lost  in  di- 
versiti  ov  dialekt,  and  ^t  ov  its  on  teritori  iz  seldom  herd  ov.  It  haz  mad 
no  konkwests,  and  iz  not  Ijkli  tu  mak  eni.  Frenq  iz  unmaqt  az  a  medium 
ov  konversajon  and  pol jt  interkors,  but  de  hjer  yn,sez  ov  konversajon  it  kan  not 
fulfil.  Seridau  did  not  gratli  er  bwen  lie  sed  dat  de  Frenq  had  "  emaski},lated 
dq^r  laggwaj,  and  mad  it  rezembl  wun  ov  d^r  panted  kortezanz,  adernd  wid 
friperiz  and  fololz."  8vn  Voltq,r  felt  it  tu  be  an  imperfekt  vehikl  ov  tet  in 
de  hjer  weks  ov  poetri;  and  eni  wun  hco  haz  mad  it  hiz  studi  must  be  awq^r 
ov  its  inadekwatnes  fer  de  embodiment  ov  de  sorig  tots  ov  a  Milton,  er  de 
ponderus  kojitajonz  ov  a  Jonson.  Ov  SpaniJ  litl  kan  be  sed,  felig  Jert  az  it 
duz,  in  elmost  everi  partikyi^lar  hwiq  kan  enji^r  yuniversaliti.  It  wuns  had 
fq,r  prospekts  ov  a  Avjd  dominyon  but  dez  hav  bin  bljted.  "JTt  ov  Span  itself, 
de  laggwaj  ma  be  sed  tu  egzist  merli  on  tolerajon.  In  dis  kuntri  it  haz  lost 
its  piiriti  bj  intermikstyn,r  wid  de  Indian;   and  evn  at  horn,  Porti^gez,  hwiq  iz 


as   YUNIVERSAL    LATJGWaj.— SHWie  WIL    IT    BS.  11 

veri  difevent,  ^^rz  de  peninsula  wid  it.  SpaniJ  kan  not,  d^rfor,  be  de  yiinitari 
laggwaj  ov  mankind. 

after  de  Italyan,  de  Jerman,  de  Frenq,  and  SpaniJ,  last  and  gratest  kumz  de 
IggliJ  laggwaj  tu  klam  sr  konsiderajon  az  tu  its  kapasiti  ov  fult'ilig  de  el-im- 
pertant  of  is  ov  yuniversal  spcq.  Tijig  it  bj  -sr  f^v  tests,  dc  rczult,  in  ol  but 
wun  partikyn,lar,  iz  lijli  favorabl  tui  it.  It  baz  a  Iqrj  pojiynlajon  basis,  bwiq 
yer  bj  yer,  iz  wjdnig  tu  a  mq,rvelus  ekstent,  and  bj  fqr  ststripig  el  rivalz. 
Spokn  bj  60,000,000  in  1853,  bj  mer  hereditari  transmijon,  it  wil,  in  el  prob- 
abiliti,  be  yii,zd  bj  150,000,000  in  1953.  But  dis  iz  onli  de  komensment  ov 
its  trjumfs.  Its  fialfilment  ov  de  rekwjvments  ov  tost  Num.  2,  iz  evn  mor 
strikig.  Everi  wun  noz  dat  de  siaekerz  ov  IggliJ  q,r  not  slepei"^,  ner  dwelerz 
at  hom;  and  dat  kwietn,d,  indolens,  and  non-agrejon  qr  not  de  ledig  trats  in 
d^r  karakter.  Everi  rejon  ov  de  wurld  noz  dem;  upon  everi  land  dqr  vigorus 
of-Jcots  qr  planted;  and  dq^r  iz  nonajon  hwiq  duz  not,  tu  sum  ekstent,  fel  d^r 
inflnens.  3^r  Jips  fil  el  hqrborz;  dj^r  komers  sweps  el  sez;  and  d^r  mauvii,- 
faktynrz,  and  de  gratifikajon  ov  dt^r  wonts,  giv  emplament  and  rckompens  tu 
niilyonz.  Amug  de  multitudz  ov  Hindoostan,  de  IggliJ  laggwaj  iz  makig  slo 
and  Jqr  inrodz,  and  in  tjm,  troo  de  inkrest  atenjon,  bot  de  komerjal  and  filan- 
firopik,  hwiq  dat  stranj  land  wil  sertenli  absorb,  de  laggwaj  wil  obtan  a  wjd  and 
koraon  kurensi.  Hwen  a  ferm  futig  iz  gand  dq^r,  a  trcoli  important  Qjiatik 
basis  ov  operajon  and  ekstenjon  Avil  be  akwjrd,  de  ful  inflqens  ov  hwiq  we  kan 
not  prezi^m  tu  atemt  tu  demonstrat. 

It  ma  elmost  be  sed  dat  Amerika  and  Briten  hold  de  destiniz  ov  Afrika 
and  de  negro  ras  in  d^r  pser.  3!e  BritiJ  havig  establijt  demselvz  at  de  Kap, 
ferm  a  senter  from  hwiq,  in  fiityn,r  daz,  it  iz  probabl  meui  benefijal  infli^ensez 
wil  radiat  over  de  kontinent.  Agen,  in  de  Yipited  Stats,  d^r  q,r  upwardz  ov 
Bre  milyonz  ov  Afrikanz,  hoo,  eldo  under  subjekjon  tu  a  hqrd  and  biter 
bondaj,  q,r  yet  in  a  beter  pozijon  dan  da  wud  be,  wer  da  under  de  savaj  rol 
ov  pagan  kigz  in  d^r  on  benjted  land.  3!is  vast  and  inkresig  bodi  ov  Afrikanz, 
koggrcgated  widin  de  Amerikan  Yi^nyon,  hav  hevi  klamz  upon  d^r  pozesorz, 
hco  we  trust  wil  soon  awak  tu  a  troo  jdea  ov  de  responsibiliti  hwiq  apertanz  tu 
dem  in  de  guvernment  and  kontrol  ov  tre  milyonz  ov  dez  pepl.  We  hav  de 
direktig  ov  de  strem  ov  edyqkated  and  emansipated  blaks  tu  Ljberia,  upon  de 
Afrikan  kost,  and  dus  fsndig  a  negro  koloni.  We  hav  dus  instituted  an  erder 
ov  tigz  hwiq  wil  giv  de  IggliJ  laggwaj  and  fredom,  a  natyiiral  futig  in  Afrika, 
and  hav  provided  menz  b^  hwiq  de  blesigz  ov  Kristianiti,  ov  edyi^kajon,  and 
ov  komers,  ma  be  mor  rapidli  and  advantajusli  konvad  tu  remot  and  inland 
trjbz.  3e  negro  ras  haz  obtand  a  setlment  in  dis  kuntri  hwiq  it  iz  veri  evident 
wil  be  permanent,  and  sconer  or  later  ultimat  itself  in  a  najonaliti,  levnd  wid 
de  Amerikan  spirit,  laggwaj,  and  lez.  Her,  den,  we  se  in  kler  perspektiv,  wun 
ov  doz  blesigz  hwiq,  under  Providens,  de  wurld  and  de  Gurq  wil  o  tu  de  wjd- 
spred  and  enerjetik  Agglo-Saksonz. 

3e  konfq^on  in  hwiq  «1  de  spekerz  ov  de  kontinental  tugz  q,r  iuvolvd, 
egurz  il  fer  de  grater  ekspanjon  ov  d^r  laggwajez.  c[e  orijin  ovde  turmerl  and 
perpetyn,al  unkwjet  ov  dez  Yqropean  komiyntiz,  Ijz  deper  dan  mer  eksternal 
politikal  events.     Se  disperjon  ov  de  l^rij,  we  hav  ofn  tet,  iz  perhaps  a  presaj 


12  YUNIVERSAL    LAUGWaj. 

ov  de  ijn  ov  dez  ekstensiv  disturbansez.  SLe  sani  kezez  hwiq  orijinated  de 
irij  eksodus,  qr  at  wurk  wid  ^sr  kontinental  naborz.  It  wud  be  prezumjon 
in  us  pozitivii  tu  anzjns  a  presjsii  similar  rezult;  butdc  paralelz  q,r  so  mq,rk- 
edli  vizibl,  and  pmit  so  definitli  tu  a  Ijk  konklqgon,  dat  we  hav  tiniidli  vent- 
ynvd  tu  rclierd  de  konjekty^r.  In  de  pursi^t  ov  ^t  civgiimeut,  we  wud  ataq 
no  wat  tu  it,  but  simpli  remq,iiv.  dat  Jud  disperjon  er  intermikstyiir  be  de  lot 
ov  de  kontinental  rasez,  dqr  laggwajez  must  nesesarili  undergo  important  c;anj- 
ez,  levig  tu  de  IggliJ  an  undivided  supremasi. 

Kumig  tu  de  terd  kwolifikajon,  —  kapabiliti  ov  abserpjon,  and  fleksibiliti  ov 
struktyiy,  —  it  Avil  be  redili  admited  dat  in  dez  partikyi^larz  de  IggliJ  laggwaj 
standz  unrjvald.  It  haz  bin  az  witili  az  trootfuli  sed,  dat  it  iz  "de  tro)  plum- 
pudig  laggwaj,"  beig  kompozd  ov  de  riqest  varjetiz  gaderd  from  el  sorsez. 
Tu  its  simpl,  ferm  and  ekspresiv  Sakson  basis,  it  adz  de  qo-sest  merselz  gaderd 
from  de  Keltik,  Grek,  Latin,  Nerman,  Jerman,  and  Freuq  tugz.  ll\q  az  it  iz, 
it  iz  stil  inkresig  bj  kontinyi^d  abseri^Jon  and  frej  kernaj.  Let  eni  wun  kom- 
p^r  de  Pilgrimz  Progres,  er  de  etorizd  verjon  ov  de  Bjbl,  (eksekiited  tO)  hun- 
dred and  fit'ti  yerz  ago,  bj  de  most  eri^dit  men  den  livig,)  wid  de  buks  ov  de 
prezent  da,  and  be  wil  obzerv  de  pesiti  ov  de  anjent  IggliJ  vokabynlari.  Its 
grot  wil  evidentli  be  sen  tu  hav  bin  bot  vigorus  and  abundant.  Q[e  influks, 
morover,  iz  unabated;  and  de  freer  komers  dat  iz  sprigig  up  betwen  el  najonz 
and  de  Agglo-Sakson  ras,  must  inevitabli  prodn,s  evu  grater  akwizijon  tu  d^r 
welt  ov  wurdz,  and  ends  d^r  laggwaj  wid  a  beter  kapasititi  ov  akomodajou 
tu  de  wonts  and  idiosinkrasiz  ov  de  yuniversal  mjnd. 

In  de  fulfilment  ov  de  kondijonz  ov  test  Num.  4,  de  IggliJ  laggwaj  ma  be 
sed  tu  derjv  its  hjest  glori.  SEe  literatiirz  ov  uder  laggwajez  ma  hav  individ- 
yual  pozejonz  ov  hjer  ekselens,  but  nun  embodiig  siig  a  tregi^r  ov  yiiniversal 
jenyus.  'i  Dcd  yoo  rekwjr  hj  poetri,  and  dramatik  p^er,  —  we  refer  yco  tu  Mil- 
ton and  Xaksper.  "i  Deo  yco  ask  fer  de  kenest  wit,  and  de  drolest  yqmor,  — 
y©  hav  Swift,  Pop,  Adison,  Goldsmit,  Seridan,  and  k^ntles  uderz.  IDcq  vcd 
dezjr  ekselens  in  fikjon,  and  grasful  and  imajinativ  romans,  —  in  Skot,  Bul- 
wer,  Dikenz,  and  a  hoi  literari  lejon,  yoo  hav  el  yo)  kan  wij  fer.  Nam  but  de 
wek  ov  Literatx^r  in  hwiq  yoo  dezjr  tu  behold  de  best  and  most  bi^tiful  devel- 
opments ov  tet,  and  we  wil  giv  ycD  sum  Agglo-Sakson  nam.  3e  most  v§rsa- 
til  ranj  ov  ipjndz  hav  isnd  in  de  IggliJ  tug  and  its  resorsez,  a  satisfaktori 
medium  fer  de  transmijon  ov  djir  jdeaz.  Qius  de  kultivajon  ov  de  laggwaj  haz 
not  bin  wun-sjded,  but  haz  met  wid  refjument  and  imprcDvment  in  de  ekspre- 
Jon  ov  everi  faz  ov  tet.  From  dis  we  se  hs  p^rfektli  de  IggliJ  laggwaj  mets  dc 
nesesiti  ov  a  yunitari  tug  in  its  kozmopolitan  karakter.  In  its  Iqrj  and  inkres- 
ig popyqla  Jon  basis, —  in  de  adventyqrus  and  enerjetik  karakter  ov  doz  em- 
plerig  ds  laggwaj,  —  in  its  welt  ov  eksprejon  and  apropriativ  abiliti,  and  in  its 
laboriusli  kultyqrd  literatiir,  we  ma  in  sum  mes^r  persev  hs  de  Agglo-Sak- 
son speq  must,  da  bj  da,  from  Jer  nesesiti,  bekum  wjdli,  and  at  last,  we  hop, 
yH,niversali,  difi[zd.  In  de  olden  tjmz  ov  mer  buk  leruig,  and  ov  retald  tet, 
Latin  woz  mad  de  yuniversal  medium  ov  komquikajon  amug  de  lerned,  and 
amug  el  hco  aspjrd  tu  be  on  a  pqr  wid  de  best  pq,rts  ov  de  wurld,  and  konver- 
sant  wid  its  dcoigz:  but  in  dez  yug  and  freJ  tjmz  ov  akjon,  — ov  ralwaz,  stem- 


YtLNIVERSAL    LATJGWaj.— FORENERZ    AND    38    ITJGLIS    TUJiT.  13 

bots,  qep  postaj,  and  fre  and  unrestrand  najonal  komiinikajon,  de  livig  IggliJ 
tup,  —  de  speq  ov  de  pqm  mcoverz  in  ol  dcz  progresiv  and  hq,manjzig  inflq- 
ensez — must  scon  bekum  a  yn,niversal  desideratum;  ferif  Latin  woz  indispens- 
abl  tu  de  wiz  and  ynsful  men  ov  de  past,  a  tszand  tjmz  mor  so  wil  an  in- 
timat  akwantans  wid  IijgliJ  be  tu  de  w^z  and  ynsfial  men  ov  de  fiitynr.  If  de 
60,000,000  ov  Agglo-Saksonz  ny  livig,  qr  de  qef  kezez  i>  ^  suporterz  ov  de 
benefisent  sistemz  tu  hwiq  we  hav  aliided,  hwot  wil  be  dat  iiifliiens  and  its  re- 
zults,  bwen  de  siksti  milyonz  hav  bin  dubld,  trebld,  er  perhaps  kwodroopld. 
3.e  anser  sr  rederz  wil  redili  suplj. 

Kumir)  den  tu  test  Num.  5,  sr  egzilerated  hops  met  wid  grat  dtprejon; 
fer,  in  troot,  it  must  be  sed  dat  de  IggliJ  lapgvvaj  felz  fctr  behjnd  Jerman,  Span- 
ij,  Italyan,  and  evn  Freng,  az  regqrdz  its  erfiografik  reprezentajon.  In  dez 
kontinental  tupz,  tu  a  grat  ekstent,  preval  erdcr  and  hqrmoni  in  dis  respekt: 
but  in  IggliJ  dj^r  egzists  de  djrest  konfiigon,  'i  Iz  it  not  enuf  tu  mak  de  blud  flj 
tu  an  Igglijmanz  qek,  hwen  he  iz  told  dat  no  man  kan  tel  hs  tu  spel  eni  IggliJ 
wurd  dat  he  herz  spokn,  but  haz  never  sen  ritn;  ner  hs^  tu  pronsns  eni  wurd 
hwiq  he  sez  ritn,  but  haz  never  herd  spokn. 


UNIVERSAL  LAWGWaj.— FORENERZ  AND  38  ITJGLIS  TUIJ. 


Eoz  filosoferz  hot)  red  de  fiit^nir  in  de  pCLst,  and  hoo  sek  a  sohijon  ov  d^r  po- 
litikal  dsts  in  histori,  ma  tel  us  dat  az  dq,r  never  woz  a  yi^niversal  laggwaj  (ek- 
sept  in  8den,)  dq,r  never  wil  be  wun.  Sis  objekjon  wud  be  veri  lojikal  wer  de 
ft[,tyn,r  onli  a  reprodukjon  ov  de  past:  but  dis  iz  not  de  kas.  "Wun  ov  de  teo- 
rists  ov  dis  klos  haz  veri  vividli  bret  h:z  jdeaz  befor  us  in  depiktig  a  Ni^  Ze- 
lander,  sum  t-szaud  yerz  hens,  standig  upon  de  rcninz  ov  Lundon  Brij,  and  mor- 
aljzig  upon  de  gloriz  ov  a  dezerted  siti.  3.G  fansi  iz  trcDli  strjkig,  and  wud  kez 
sum  degre  ov  tetfulues  and  melankoli,  did  we  not  remember,  dat  efekts  kan  onli 
be  de  sam  hwen  de  kezez  dat  i^rodus  dem  di»  not  v^ri.  N^-,  it  mustbe  evident 
tu  de  si^perfijal  obzerver,  dat  de  kezez  hwig  razd  Nineve  and  Babilon  tu  mag- 
nifisenS  and  splendor;  and  de  kezez  hwiq,  in  de  end,  rediist  dem  tu  a  dezert;  qr, 
in  meni  respekts,  diferent  from  doz  operatig  upon  de  sivilizajon  ov  tu-da.  Se 
ijnz  ov  dez  kezez  kan  not  d^rfor  be  de  sam.  Ks  muq  hav  we  dat  de  Kaldeanz 
and  Perjanz,  de  Sjij^Janz,  de  Greks,  and  de  Eomanz,  had  not !  Hs  v^rid  iz 
sr  everi  serkumstans  from  dq,rz  !  In  de  ferst  plas,  we  hav  de  luvig  and  kouser- 
vativ  infliiens  ov  de  Kristyan  fat,  hwiq  alon  ^vud  Qtoj  de  destini  ov  eni  pepl. 
Subsidiari  tu  dis  hevnli  fat,  we  hav  a  tiszand  mjnor  ajensiz,  eg  aqevig  its  on 
serkl  ov  blesed  rezults  in  refjnig  and  elevatig  de  man  ov  de  prezent.  Ee  egzis- 
tens  ov  de  printig  pres,  and  de  stem  enjin  in  its  vq^rius  komplikajonz,  wud,  ov 
demselvz,  felsifj  de  predikjonz  ov  doz  hob  wud  atemt  tu  solv  de  ijij,  ov  de 
present  bj  de  histori  ov  de  past.  Histori  kan  aford  no  ilustrajon  ov  de  rezults 
ov  Protestantizm  and  Yiiropean  demokrasi.  Valyqabl  az  qr  de  teqigz  ov  de 
historik  Mqz,  Je  iz  not  de  mistres  ov  el  trcot;  and  upon  de  fiitynr  Je  kan  onli 
tro  a  pqrjal  Ijt. 

We  premjz  dez  remqrks  in  erder  tu  vindikdt  •sr  qrgynment  fer  de  establijment 
ova  yuniversal  laggwaj  from  a  seriez  ov  objekjonz  hwiq  ma  be  f Tended  upon  in- 


14  YUNIVERSAL    LATJGWffJ. 

sufijeiit  historik  analoji.  It  ma  elso  be  objekted,  dat  lapgwajcz  qr  most  perti- 
najiisli  adherd  tu  bj  dq,i-  spekerz  ;  and  qr,  ov  el  kustomz,  de  most  difikiilt  ov 
suprejon.  Veri  troo  ;  but  difikiilti  iz  not  imposibiliti.  Meni  laggwajez  hav 
disaperd,  and  hoi  nafonz,  troo  tjm,  adopted  tugz  foren  tu  dcm.  Hebrm  perijt 
from  dali  yns  bj  de  disperjon  ov  de  Jqz  over  el  landz,  and  dc  Latin  sest  tu  eg- 
zist  for  doraestik  and  komerjal  purpusez  bj  de  influks  ov  de  nerdern  stranjerz 
nesesitatig  its  disyns,  bekoz  its  spekerz  wer,  fer  a  t^m,  ovcrliwelmd  bj  superior 
nnmberz.  Be  it  noted  dat  el  de  kezez  h\viq  yunjted  tu  drjv  dez  laggwajez  at 
ov  beig,  q,r,  in  a  nior  diversifjd  karakter,  aktig  wid  az  grat  fore  upon  meni  ra- 
sez  ov  mankjnd  tu-da ;  and  de  rezult  wil  be  de  sam. 

We  bav  sen  h^-  it  iz  dat  de  IggHJ,  bj  fizikal  pser  in  wan  kwerter  ov  de  glob 
and  bj  intelektynal,  komerjal,  and  numerikal  pser  in  udarz,  iz  forsig  itself 
intu  yiiniversaliti.  We  hav  sen  h^-  b^  its  varid  ekselensiz,  it  adapts  itself  tu  el 
mjndz,  and  iz  ov  a  kozmopolitan  karakter.  3!q^r  iz  but  M'un  drobak  tu  its  ka- 
pabiliti  ov  perfermig  de  f ugkjonz  ov  de  yn,niversal  medium  ov  mental  eksqanj, 
and  dat  iz  its  iregynlar  and  leles  ertografik  reprezentajon.  Hs  dis  malformajon 
opei-ats  in  preventig  its  mor  rapid  ekstenjon  amugst  forenerz,  let  us  brefli  stat. 

3[e  pozijon  ov  de  Yqnjted  Stats  and  Iggland,  az  de  tco  most  p-serful  and  in- 
fliienjal  najonz  in  de  wurld,  renderz  de  akwjrment  ov  d^r  laggwaj  a  mater  ov 
nesesiti  tu  everi  intelijeut  aild  wel-edynkated  forener.  Si|,peraded  tu  de  mate- 
rial konsiderajonz  hwiq  urj  forward  dis  liggwal  akomplijment,  iz  de  indqs- 
ment  aforded  bj  de  pregnant  literati},r  hwiq  d^r  tug  embodiz.  Wer  de  Agglo- 
Saksonz  az  poor  aird  wek  a  jaepl  in  komparison  wid  uder  najonz,  az  da  q,r  riq 
and  sti-og,  dq,r  literatur  wud  stil  komaud  fer  dem  grat  atenjon ;  de  kultivated 
and  lerned  ■wud  stil  sek  tu  master  its  difikultiz,  so  dat  da  mjt  refrej  and  adem 
d^r  mjndz  bj  fre  and  opn  komiyiyon  wid  de  gifted  wunz  hto  hav  d^rin  em- 
bqmd  d%r  prejus  tets.  Az  -we  hav  Jon,  de  IggliJ  laggwaj  pozesez  a  yi^niversal 
ekselens,  and  iz  bekumig,  everi  da,  mor  and  mor  indispensibli  rekwizit  tu  de 
stiidents  and  merqants  ov  el  landz.  H^  impertant,  den,  it  iz  dat  everi  difikul- 
ti  hwiq  intervenz  betwen  it  and  de  forener  Jud  be  remcovd !  3!e  IggliJ  gramar 
iz  abst  de  simplest  in  egzistens,  and  de  order  ov  its  aranjment  beig  ov  de  most 
natynral  deskripjon,  de  akw^nnent  ov  de  laggwaj  iz  a  mater  ov  smel  difikulti. 
But  sad  tu  sa,  dez  advantajez  qr  elmost  nqtraljzd  bj  de  ertografi  in  liwicj  its 
wurdz  qr  klodd.  Hwen  it  iz  konsiderd  dat  an  IggliJ  QJld  spendz  de  beter  hqf 
ov  its  tjm  at  skcol  in  renderig  itself  familyar  wid  de  ertografik  reprezentajon 
ov  its  muder  tug,  sum  jdea  ma  be  fermd  ov  dg  magnitq,d  ov  de  labor  hwiq  de 
pcor  forener  must  nedz  enk^nter  in  lernig  bot  de  wurdz  ov  T>r  laggwaj,  and  d^r 
kaprijus  speligz.  Hwen  it  iz  konsiderd  dat  no  Igglijman  kan  tel  wid  sertenti 
hs  tu  pronsns  eni  vnxrd  hwiq  he  haz  sen  ritn,  and  not  herd  spokn,  and  dat 
he  kan  not  tel  h^  tu  pron^ns  a  ward  hwiq  he  haz  herd  spokn  and  never  sen  ritn,  it 
wil  be  no  mater  ov  wunder  dat  amiigst  Jermanz  and  Frenqmen,  -sr  laggwaj  iz  so 
pqrjali  difi^zd.  3!at  so  meni  ov  dem  kontend  wid  its  difikultiz,  until  da  kum  intu 
fre  and  ezi  interkors  wid  IggliJ  literatqr,  iz  an  onor  and  a  kredit  tu  dqr  perseverans. 

But  we  ask  not  dat  dez  aserjonz  Jud  be  takn  az  demonstrated  fakts,  on  -sr 
on  etoriti  alon.  Tu  prov  dem  \nad  be  an  ezi  task,  but  wud  rekwjr  konsider- 
abl  spas.     Let  de  foloig  impqrjal  testimoni  from  an  intelijent  forener  be  d^li 


FORENERZ  AND  38  IWGLIS  TUM.  15 

wad,  and  ol  dat  we  dezjr  wil  be  konscded  bj  de  reder.  "  61do  dc  Frenc;  lag- 
gw^aj,"  obzervz  dat  cminont  J^raian  filolojist  Profesor  Grim,  "haz  for  scntiiriz 
bin  de  komon  laggwaj  ov  Yn,rop  in  a  diplomatik  and  sojal  sens,  yet  it  haz 
never  obtand  ferm  fiatig  in  lq,rj  trakts  ov  kuntri  beyond  Yiirop ;  for  Frans  woz 
not  muQ  mor  enterprjzig  dan  Itali,  in  kolonizajon.  On  de  uder  hand,  IggliJ 
ma  be  konsiderd  az  de  laggwaj  ov  de  wurld  ist  ov  Yi^rop,  and  dis  idiom,  hwiq 
( bj  a  bold  mikstyiir  ov  Gotik  and  Koman  elements,  and  bi  a  fii^on  ov  A^r 
gramatikal  formz,  hwiq  dis  renderd  nesesari,)  haz  atand  an  inkomparabl  degre 
ov  fliiensi,  aperz  destind  bj  natyiy,  mor  dan  eni  udcr  dat  egzists,  tu  bekum  de 
wurldz  laggwaj.  Did  not  a  hwimzikal,  antikwated  ertografi  stand  in  de  -wa,  de 
yuniversaliti  ov  dis  laggwaj  ^vyld  be  stil  mor  evident,  and  we  udcv  Yiiropeanz 
ma  estem  -srselvz  fertyq^nat  dat  de  IggliJ  naj'on  haz  not  yet  mad  dis  diskuvcri." 
Butde  diskuveri  haz  bin  mad,  and  n-s  at  legt  de  evl  wil  sloli,  but  Jttrli,  be  remc&vd. 

From  dez  kousiderajonz,  it  ma  in  sum  mcgynr  be  aparent,  dat  it  iz  absoli|,tli 
nesesari  tu.  de  ekstenjon  ov  IggliJ  tu  eni  tig  Ijk  yuniversaliti,  dat  it  Jud  hav  a 
fonetik  reprezentajon.  Wer  its  bizqr  ertografi  korekted,  its  difi^gon  over  Yii- 
ropeau  sosjeti,  wud  be  inkalkn,labli  inlcrest.  Fij,  tigz,  morover,  qr  so  dezirabl 
az  unrestrand  komii,nikaJon  betwen  de  kontinental  najonz,  and  Amerikan  and 
IggliJ  literatur  and  tot.  Drivn  and  tost  abst  bj  vag  sojal  teoriz,  and  disturbd 
and  agonjzd  bj  wjld  liberti  dremz,  de  diseminajon  ov  de  kq,m  and  kol  rajonal- 
iti,  and  de  komon  sens  bj  hwiq  Agglo-Sakson  tet  iz  karakterjzd,  kud  not  be 
uderwjz  dan  atended  wid  heltful  rezults  in  even  wa.  l$r  kuntri  iz  de  berfi- 
plas  and  hom  ov  fredom ;  and  de  ekstenjon  ov  sr  literatn,r  wil  giv  a  kwjetus 
tutirani  trcost  de  wurld,  and  dat  widst  destro-ig  wun  despotizm  bj  anuder. 

3!ez  kursori  reflekjonz  mak  manifest  de  bred  and  kozmopolitan  karakter  ov 
de  Fonetik  Eeferm.  It  iz  a  kez  in  hwiq  de  hoi  wurld  haz  a  direkt  interest, 
and  kelz  for  de  suport,  and  best  eforts  ov  everi  troo  luver  ov  hi^maniti. 

No  wun  hot)  taks  intu  konsiderajon  de  fakts  her  adi^st,  kan  dst  de  absol^t 
nesesiti  dq^r  iz  for  a  fonetik  rejirezentajon  ov  ^r  laggwaj.  Forenerz  rekwjr  it, 
and  must  hav  it.  a!e  wont  iz  groig  ta>  urjent,  tu  be  muq  logger  denjd.  It  kan 
not  be  ekspekted  dat  de  t^zandz  hcom  komers  and  literatiir  kompel  tu  akwjr 
IggliJ,  in  adijon  tu  d^r  muder  tug,  wil  labor  trob  de  strat  gat  ov  its  absurd  and 
q,rbitrari  ertografi.  We  wil  not  her  debat  hweder  er  not  fonetik  spelig  destrerz 
etimoloji,  er  repel  uder  similar  kimerikal  objekjonz ;  neder  wil  we  urj  its  hj 
klamz  tu  atenjon  on  de  grsnd  ov  its  grat  hom  yi^sfulnes  in  de  wurk  ov  edyi^- 
kajon.  3!ez  topiks  we  rezerv  for  anuder  tjm.  01  we  her  demand  iz  dat  fonet- 
ik spelig  be  rekognjzd  az  a  konstitq,Jonal  ferm  under  hwiq  it  wil  be  advjzabl, 
on  everi  konsevabl  ak-jjnt,  tu  prezent  sr  ritn  laggwaj  tu  forenerz,  hweder  sivil- 
jzd  er  unsiviljzd,  Kristyan  er  pagan  ;  hweder  az  a  menz  ov  introdiisig  de  en- 
Ijtnd  Frenchman  er  Jerman  tu  de  jenius  ov  Xaksper ;  er  de  Hindob,  de  Negro,  de 
Hotentot  tu  de  teqigz  ov  Kristianiti.  Sooner  er  later,  Amerikanz  wil  hav  tu 
mak  up  d^r  mjndz  tu  establij,  bj  sug  menz,  a  bred  hjwa  tu  de  riqez  ov  dq,r  lit- 
eratiy.  Fre-trad  in  kern,  and  elmost  everi  uder  komoditi,  haz  bin  diskuverd 
tu  be  a  polisi  at  wuns  jenerus  and  benefijal ;  and  hs  muq  mor  ma  gud  rezults 
be  lukt  fer  wid  fre-trad  in  speq  and  tet !  ECe  jenius  ov  de  aj  demandz  fonetik 
spelig  fer  dis  purpus,  and  it  kan  not  mug  logger  be  widheld. 


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